Early Damage State Criterion from a Fault-Seeded Helicopter Gear Using Acoustic Emission and Neural Networks

In response to five failures since 2008 of the tail gearbox of multiple models of Sikorsky\u27s H-60 helicopter, acoustic emission (AE) data collected from a rotating gearbox test stand at the Naval Air Station in Patuxtent River, MD, was used to monitor the initiation and propagation of a flaw from an electro-discharge machined (EDM) notch seeded on the face of a gear tooth. A period of testing was considered which spanned ~300,000 seconds or ~83 hours and culminates to a damage state such that a flaw has initiated on both ends of the EDM notch. AE data was analyzed for three separate channels which span a wide range of amplitude thresholds using clustering methods and verification algorithms developed at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) Structure Health Monitoring (SHM) and Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Laboratory. Energy, duration, amplitude, and average frequency of the AE signals were input into the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (KSOM) artificial neural network (ANN) function in NeuralWorks Professional II/Plus software to separate cracking signals from other mechanisms such as noise and plastic deformation. Visual inspection and statistical analysis of the data in the AE plots created using the output ANN results was used to separate the cluster(s) which exhibited higher amplitude and energy, and lower duration and average frequency; hits typical to cracking. The similarities and differences in the progression of clusters sourced to cracking for each of the three channels is discussed. Cumulative testing time plots of AE parameters were compiled using both entire data sets and using clusters representative of cracking mechanisms. Replica cross sections which were taken throughout testing visually display, in chronological fashion, circumferential crack growth across gear splines adjacent to the spline with the EDM notch. Data analysis techniques are used in conjunction with replica cross sections to provide insight into the AE activity for crack initiation and crack propagation and define early damage state detection criterion for rotary components

Floating Active Baffles, System and Method of Slosh Damping Comprising the Same

This disclosure provides a system for damping slosh of a liquid within a tank, a baffle for use in the system, and a method of damping slosh using the system. The system includes a plurality of baffles. Each baffle has a body configured to substantially float upon the liquid. Each baffle also has an activation material received along at least a portion of the body. The activation material is magnetically reactive provided in a quantity sufficient to enable the body to be manipulated in the presence of a magnetic field (M). The system further includes an actuator configured to pro­vide the magnetic field (M)